Effective Training Essay

The management sector of each organization is important in their respective operation. In each group, a leader must exist to lead, guide and delegate important tasks and responsibilities with each member to achieve the efficiency in the use of their resources and the success of the operation. Similarly, in the business organization, the leaders of the institution are important in their operation as they manifest to guide the business towards the achievement of their economic goals and common interest. In terms of the operation, they are the ones that delegate the intricate tasks and responsibilities to each of the member for their benefits and success. Most importantly, the leaders are the ones that must evaluate and decide regarding important matters and issues in the business organization to ensure the positive result and continuous economic operation. Because the leaders of each business organization are important for the group, the institution must highly recognize the effective selection of the individuals placed in their top executive position. To acquire the most effective line up for the top executive position, the organization must implement certain approaches to achieve this result and ensure the quality of their management leader sector. One of the possible solution in ensuring this status is the development of succession plan for the ranks in top executive positions. Naturally, individuals presently occupying top executive positions are not permanent and so are their role effectiveness. As such, the organization must expect this scenario and develop a positive projection to ensure the present executive effectiveness through planning for the succession and replacement for each executive. As such, the organization can presently plan for their development and maintain the positive results they are benefiting for their present lineup. Some of the possible strategies in this aspect are succession projection, training for qualified individuals, apprenticeship programs and others to ensure that the positive qualities and characters of the present executives lineup will be maintained for the business continuous success and development.

The Second Half of Adolf Hitler’s Life

The world-renowned dictator of Germany, Adolf Hitler, was actually born as Austrian in 1889. It was during the second half of Hitler’s life that he began to realize German nationalism and anti-Semitism in Vienna, Austria.He had internalized and absorbed these ideas and decided to transfer to Munich, Germany where he gave up his Austrian citizenship by seeking the endorsement from the German nation. This happened in the year 1913.In 1914, World War II broke out and Hitler and used this occurrence to prove his loyalty to Germany which he considered as his new homeland. He served as a corporal in an infantry regiment and was decorated after being wounded in 1917 (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Biography,† n.d.).By 1918, Germany declared defeat and eventually surrendered and attributed this failure to the betrayal and treachery of the Jews as well as the Communist’s political rebellion. Hitler believed that in order to avoid this unpleasant incident from transpiring again, these so-called traitor groups must be abolished.Taking a different direction, Hitler decided to involve himself in politics by the year 1919 in that he signed up for the German Workers Party.In a year’s time he became the organization’s leader and later changed its name to National Socialist German Worker's Party or more popularly known as the Nazi. Hitler's platform was simple: create a new nation that included all German people and rebuild the German military forces (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Biography,† n.d.).Following World War I, the German army signed the Treaty of Versailles after which they were trimmed down in number and was obliged to disburse billions of dollars to the Allied powers for war damages thereby downgrading German reputation and resulting to economic depression and downfall.Subsequently, Hitler and the Nazis failed to recapture Germany in the supposed Beer Hal Putsch in 1923. This act was considered treason. As such, Hitler was punished for five years imprisonment, however, he only served it for nine months due to political demands. During Hitler’s stay in the penitentiary, he was able to write Mein Kampf (My Struggle), his political declaration and proposal for a Nazi government.In this manuscript, he proclaimed German superiority above other races and condemned the Jews as tainted among others. After the war, he even ordered the genocide of about six million Jews termed as the Holocaust. Hereon, Hitler advanced a dictatorial leadership to have power over the German population and inhibit those who rebel against him.During the 1930s, Hitler urged for a transformation of the German society upon the advent of political and economic flux and regression and this was heeded by the German people. In 1933, the Nazis gained recognition for these innovative agenda thus Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany.His leadership was tremendous in that he used media and press propaganda, large security force which used terror and inc arcerated Jews in concentration camps to signify Nazi authority in Germany.

Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Employment Law - Case Study Example Starting with the application of the contract law, it is apparent that the employment of Jami Jensen was done in contravention of the laid down employment contract laws, where the employer is supposed to grant the employee a written contract of engagement, the moment the employee is hired by the employer. In Jami Jensen’s case, she was hired but a written contract was not offered by the employer. This situation makes her case complex, considering that it becomes difficult to establish the basis of her engagement with the employer, and the terms and conditions of the engagement, especially regarding the issues of salary increment, promotion and demotion. As a result of lack of a written contract of engagement, the organization just demotes Jami Jensen arbitrarily and reduces her salary from $80,000 to $40,000, while she is also relinquished of her position, and demoted to that of a supervisor. Another issue that arises in the Jami Jensen’s case, which falls under the contract law, is the issue of leave. Considering that she was not granted a written contract of engagement with the employer, Jami Jensen is not aware of the terms and conditions that are applicable in requesting for a leave, which should be clearly and precisely stipulated in the written contract of engagement. Thus, when she seeks for leave, she is told she has to offer a two week request in advance, and she does not have a basis of disputing the same, since she does not have a written contract to that effect. Sexual harassment law is applicable in this case, since Jami Jensen has been discriminated against, in matters pertaining to employee benefits such as leave, due to the fact that she has refused to yield to the sexual advances made to her by Mr. Clark, who is the vice president of the company. However, for the law of sexual harassment to apply, there are certain thresholds that must be met, which

Economics of sex and drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economics of sex and drugs - Essay Example eople who will be visiting the city of Denver will lead to an imbalance in the market for prostitution and this is bound to create some pressures on the prices for the services. The various dimensions of the effects as well as the movements expected are discussed below in order to have a clear picture on the expected outcomes (Moffatt, Peter and Simon, 681). As has been mentioned above, the first basic effect of the National Western Stock show is the fact that there will be some imbalances in the supply and demand of prostitution services. This is due to the fact that a lot of people are expected to come to the city to show case their products and services while others will be visiting the city in order to experience the show. The first dimension of this influx is that there will be an increase in the demand for prostitution services and this is expected to push the prices upward as the market forces adjust themselves accordingly. It is expected that the prostitutes operating in the city will increase the prices of their services in order to benefit from increased demand for their services (Moffatt, Peter and Simon, 683). Additionally, the influx of people will bring in people with more disposable income and; therefore, they will be willing to spend their money on various forms of leisure and entertainment such as seeking the services of prostitutes. This will lead to an increase in the prices of the services since they will be willing to pay more than normal in order to access the scarce services. It is; however, important to note that this may not go on for long as the market will adjust itself almost immediately as it is expected that other prostitutes from other cities and localities will also invade the city in order to benefit from offering services to the people at the show. This means that the supply of prostitution services may actually increase and this may put a downward pressure on the prices (Dill 96). The expected increase in the demand for

Market for Corporate Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market for Corporate Control - Essay Example These stations act as its most visible presence in the public domain. Shell Oil Company is in partnership with Saudi Aramco Company which is owned by the Saudi Arabian Government with each company having a 50% stake in Motiva enterprises. This is a marketing and refining venture which operates and owns three oil refineries in the Gulf Coast of USA. It also has an 80% share holding in Pecten which is an exploration company that drills many off shore areas including the oil basin in Douala in partnership with Elf Acquitaine that is owned by the French Government. In 1997, Texaco and Shell entered into two joint marketing and refining ventures. One of these ventures was known as Equilon which was a combination of their western and mid western operations. The second one combined gulf coast and eastern operations of Star Enterprise and Shell Oil which on its own was a joint business between Texaco and Saudi Aramco. In 2001 Shell bought Texaco’s shares in the joint partnership after Texaco combined with Chevron. However, in 2002 began converting this Texaco stations to stations with the brand name Shell. This process was completed in 2004 and is viewed as the biggest retail rebranding process in American history. Woodside petroleum Company Background Woodside Petroleum Limited is a company based in Australia that deals in the production and exploration of oil. It is a public organisation and is based in Perth. Woodside was built in 1954 and was originally known as Woodside Oil Co NL named after Woodside which is a small town in Victoria. In the beginning Woodside did business mostly in Gippsland Basin which is situated in Western Australia but in 1960 it switched its focus to North West Australia. It later on merged with Burmah oil and Shell to create the North West shelf group. Burmah was later on replaced with BHP and together with Shell held 40% of shares each in Woodside. However, in 1990 both Shell and BHP decided to reduce their shares down to 34%. In 19 94 BHP sold its remaining shares with each share being sold at $32. Shell decided to sell about 60% of its remaining shares to organizational investors, therefore, reducing its shares in the partnership to 24%. Woodside Petroleum Company has continued with development and exploration activities within Australia and has expanded its operations to other regions most notably the Gulf of Mexico. In Australia it is focusing on developing liquefied natural gas products in. It also manages the operations of the Vincent and Enfield oil fields which are located offshore Exmouth and Laminaria-Corallina oil fields in Northern Australia. In terms of management Peter Coleman is the current Chief Executive Officer at Woodside Petroleum Company. It is estimated that Woodside Petroleum Company is worth $27 million. Partnership of Shell Oil Company and Woodside Petroleum Company Woodside is in a partnership with Shell in the North West Shelf LNG joint operation in Western Australia. This is the bigg est resource project in Australia3. In 2001 shell attempted a takeover of Woodside Petroleum Company’s share in the partnership but its efforts were rejected by the Foreign Investment Review Board and Peter Costello who was the Australian Treasurer due to National interest. However, Shell still maintains a 34% of shares in Woodside and has conducted studies on the possibility of placing a new bid, but, Australian analysts do not expect any offer to go through because

Progressive Period Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Progressive Period - Research Paper Example The researcher states that during the progressive period several people stand steadily to find solutions of the problems, that were faced by America and these people were called as Progressive people. The progressive people worked to create awareness among the general public regarding different problems like alcohol abuse, child labour, food purity and government corruption etc. As a result of evolving public awareness then government had to pass several laws and acts to solve the problems of the people. The progressive movement was mainly aimed at eliminating corruption within the city government with the help of prohibition that worked for the destruction of political power of the local bosses that used to be based in saloons. The activists also worked for the promotion of women’s suffrage and eventually purer female vote was brought into the arena. During the progressive era efforts were also made to achieve high productivity and efficiency in different sectors by fostering modernization process. There were different scientific, economic, medical and engineering solutions invented during this era to support the performance of different sectors. The progressive movement was initiated at local level during the early stages, however soon it was expanded and spread to the national and state levels as well. It was also discussed how the progressive people had great support from the middle class and many lawyers, teachers; physicians became the supporters of the progressive movement. ... As a part of application of the scientific methods it was realized that the old fashioned ways of running the economics, industries and government are highly inefficient and waste the time and resources. To avoid this wastage the progressive movement worked for adaptation of different policies like banking laws that resulted in the creation of Federal Reserve System in 1914 (Leuchtenburg, p504). The progressive period activities proved them dedicatedly committed to bring reforms and changes within the country. They expect that the changes they sought could significantly improve the American society. Some of the major changes enacted during the progressive era include the income tax imposition with the Sixteenth Amendment, direct election of Senators through the Seventeenth Amendment Prohibition ad the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S constitution that was meant to enact women’s suffrage. The journalist played an important role during the progressive movement as they worked to m ake people aware and informed about the corruptions being committed at the government level. These journalists were called with the names of Muckrakers who worked for exposing the waste, corruption and scandals of the authorities and government officials. They use the medium of highly influential and popular national magazines like McClure Magazine, Brand Whitlock and George Creel and published the stories and facts to uncover the wrong deeds and corruption of the government at local and state level. There were several frauds and corruption cases uncovered in these magazines. The progressive movement was also led by the motive of modernization implementation within the society. The

Strategic Marketing Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Strategic Marketing Managment - Essay Example Reebok began as an athletic shoe brand for the women’s aerobics segment because it had substantive consumer insights about the women segment. However, Reebok then changed its positioning strategy and it is now positioned as a lifestyle shoe demanded by several youth markets. The most important reason behind this change in positioning strategy was the marketing research that enabled Reebok to identify and analyse the scope of targeting new groups. Reebok managers had understood that a strong gap exists in the market of teenagers and young adults (youths), where there has been a never-ending demand of lifestyle footwear, apparel and accessories. For instance, Reebok marketers were also aware of the fact that their customers have inclination towards fitness and training, which could be met if they are offered premium quality fitness shoe brands and other supporting products. In this way, Reebok initiated a business expansion plan and launched its new positioning campaign to creat e awareness about company’s expanded product portfolio among Reebok‘s women, men and classics segments. In this way, Reebok enhanced its growth in the United States, North American and Europe markets. Distribution channel members (especially retailers) also played their vital role in positioning of Reebok’s products in the minds of end-users. ... In other words, a market could be divided into segments comprising customers with differences in ages, lifestyle, attitudes, behaviours, norms, standards, desires, income, education, marital status, religion, language, customs and traditions etc. Segmentation is an inevitable part of marketing strategy because it directly impacts marketing mix planning. Reebok has divided its market into 3 core segments that include Reebok men’s, women’s and classics. The sub-segments include Young adults (age 14 – 24 years), adults (age 25 – 40 years), middle-aged (age 40 – 55 years) and seniors (age 56 years and above). In addition, the customers are also divided into middle – middle, upper – middle and elite social classes to increase market reach and sales revenue. Indeed, the shoe-maker which has now become a part of Adidas group targets initially targeted women by coming up with a comprehensive idea of ‘women’s fitness with funâ€⠄¢ to enhance its credibility among women customers. The group reinforced its ideas regarding women’s fitness during 2009 and 2010 when it launched EasyTone, RunTone and TrainTone collections followed by launch of new women’s programmes and partnerships. The second core segment is known as Reebok’s men and the marketers target male customers. The company has established cordial ties with â€Å" world’s top athletes, professional leagues and teamsâ€Å" because these are opinion leaders and they facilitates in brand positioning and building consumer mindsets. This segment has immense potential because of natural inclination of a large majority of males in outdoor sports, athletic ventures, sporting and fitness activities. ReeZig and

Federal Guards Indicted for Abusing Prisoners Essay - 1

Federal Guards Indicted for Abusing Prisoners - Essay Example The issue at hand needs to be clarified and all allegations evaluated. The first step towards doing this is gathering information. The information to gather relates to the issue at hand. The primary decision maker should be identified in the process. Both parties bound to the issue should be interviewed independently in order to ensure that the information at hand is actually the one held by both parties (Reid, 2011). All the views of the parties should be accounted for before and after the abuse occurred. The second step involves deciding the specific ethical issue and determining the conflict therein. This is tailored towards determining the liable party, legally and ethically. After that, the pertinent issue is addressed. Decisions on the pragmatic issues that make the case complex should be addressed. In this case, the entire prison system seems to be implicated in the matter. The complexity of the matter should be weighed against justice, rights, and freedoms of each party, and the right actions were taken prior to the provisions of the law (Reid, 2011). The conclusion arrived at in this case is solely based on the ethics code of conduct for a prison system. The officers’ general standard of conduct should be evaluated ethically and legally. Secondly, applicable laws in this context should be assessed. Compliance with these laws is the principle point of consideration here. Thirdly, personal rights and freedoms should be highlighted for both all the parties involved in order to alleviate occurrences of conflict of interest. The restriction of each party should constitute the conclusion herein, focusing on both ethical and legal issues. Once all that has been done, the unethical conduct is manifested.

What is Public Administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Public Administration - Research Paper Example e of functions such as developing policy and legislation; implementing policies; managing programs, people, and budgets; and providing vital daily services for the well-being of citizens Public administration refers to two meanings: first, it is concerned with the implementation of government policy; second, it is an academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service. Instructions: This research paper should be a one page summary on a letter size 8.5 x 11 paper with the information on the front and back of the page. It should be typed single spaced, 12pt font, include in the summary a chart, diagram, or an at-a-glance view on a main idea in the reading. Students will be expected to include in the summary a current event (within one year) issue relative to the topic. You may consult any number of sources, newspapers,on-line news, news magazines, journals, news and or political television shows.The student is expected to cite any such source in the response. First paragraph (Topic of Focus: brief overview of "What is Public Administration?", Chapter two of The Politics of the Administrative Process by Donald F. Kettl. The header should be at the start of the paragraph, typed in bold font, 12pt, Times New Roman Third Paragraph header in bold, 12pt fontin Times New Roman writing style "What I Know Now" (Describe how your diagram, chart, or table expresses an at-a-glance view of what you learned in the

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Contract Law - Essay Example in negligence against ASL for recovery of damages for injuries caused to her, because she is a consumer and ASL had the duty to perform the job with reasonable care and skill. Charles may also have grounds to refuse to pay ASL on the grounds that they have been guilty of misrepresentation. In the first scenario, ASL has performed its contract to supply the oven, but it has performed it late. The question that arises is whether ASL was negligent in failing to supply the oven in time. In Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co1 Alderson B defined negligence as â€Å"the omission to do something which a reasonable man† would do or â€Å"doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do.† In determining whether a business must assume liability, the Unfair Contract Terms of 1977 also states that the liability imposed must be â€Å"a fair and reasonable one to be included having regard to the circumstances which were, or ought reasonably to have been, known to or in the contemplation of the parties when the contract was made."2 Applying these definitions of negligence, it must be noted that ASL’s failure to deliver the oven on time was because of conditions that were not in their control; the weather was so bad that all roads leading to Alan’s restaurant were flooded. Secondly, at the time the contract was made between the parties, ASL would not have been in a position to know that the weather was likely to prevent deliveries; as a result the Courts may not consider it fair to impose liability in negligence on ASL for failing to deliver the oven in time. The standard of care required in performance of contract is the standard of the reasonable man.3 If a reasonable person would not foresee the harmful consequences of a particular action, then a failure to take precautions will not be held to be negligent. In the case of Hall v Brooklands Auto Racing Club4 it was held that the operators of the racing track could not be held liable for accidents that no

Study Notes Essay Example for Free

Study Notes Essay Discussion Module The Scope And Challenge 1.1 Assignment. â€Å"The marketer’s task is the same whether applied in Dime Box, Texas, or Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.† Critique this statement and use real-world examples to support your analysis. Analysis. One of the most significant of these similarities is the need for organizations to have a paradigm shift in their marketing perspective from local or national marketing to accessing the global market. Regardless of their country of origin or their product or service, it is becoming increasing critical for companies to look beyond their national boarders in order to maintain their market share (Cateora, Gilley, Graham, 2013, p. 10). I believe that even if companies do not currently depend on foreign markets it is critical that they should examine and create new market strategies that access international markets in order to maintain their competitive edge. Real World Example. I work for a company that has just finished a new phase of construction on additional buildings in order to increase the number of students that we an accept. Looking at international markets is a great answer to increasing our admissions. References: Cateora, Philip R., Gilly, Mary C., Graham, John L. (2013). International Marketing, Sixteenth Edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hall/Irwin. Culture and Marketing 1.2 Assignment. The marketer â€Å"should also examine the more complex effect of geography upon general market characteristics, distribution systems, and the state of the economy.† Critique this statement and give real-world examples to support your argument. Analysis and Real World Example. It is interesting to me as I read on the issues of language and culture as companies expand across international borders. I lived in Brazil for several years and it amazed me how the Brazilian youth in general were enamored with products from the US. Products such as Nike and other athletic gear were especially popular. The general image that Brazilians had of the sub culture of US sport athletes and their success as sport stars was enough to boost sales for Nike. If companies researched and built their marketing campaigns around these perceptions and sub cultures they would be able to tap into addition markets and significantly increased profits. The text refers to the problems that the Mexican based grocery chain, Gigante, had with marketing â€Å"Bimbo† bread in their stores. Perhaps if they had of researched and significantly marketed products that had a positive or popular connotation to US consumers they would have had an easier time receiving approval to open stores in Anaheim, California, just as Nike might have done with the youth market in Brazil. (Cateora, Gilley, Graham, 2013, p.14). References Cateora, Philip R., Gilly, Mary C., Graham, John L. (2013). International Marketing, Sixteenth Edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hall/Irwin.

Teacher and Confucius Essay Example for Free

Teacher and Confucius Essay What kind of person was Confucius in everyday life? Focus on the following: his clothing and diet, his possessions, his pastimes, the company he kept, and anything else that is relevant. In everyday life Confucius was a relaxed and cheerful man who was constantly in search of new knowledge. He studied the Chinese Classics mainly focusing on the Books of Odes, History and Rites. In his spare time, however, he liked to relax in his manor. He was very picky with the people he chose to keep around. They had to love strategy and the possible success you could get from it. He taught culture, conduct, conscientiousness and good faith and was also picky about who he let in to his school. They had to be modest and willing to listen because he didn’t repeat lessons. He loved music. He would sing in the company of those who were singing. When passing through Ch’I he heard their music and said, â€Å"I did not imagine that music had reached such perfection. † (Confucius 35). This having been said he also traveled with his students and neglected his family duty. Once when his son saw him in passing and Confucius asked him if he had â€Å"Studied the Odes? † (Confucius 102) His son said no so Confucius told him that he would have nothing to use in conversation. So his son left determined to study the book of Odes. On a different day his son saw him again and a similar thing happened only this time Confucius asked about the Rules of Ceremony. The result was exactly the same as the first time. This goes to prove that those who can teach don’t always put their own teachings in to practice. Why is Volume One, Book Two entitled â€Å"Concerning Government† but barely mentions government? Hint: the contents of Book Seven may assist you in answering this question. You can’t teach someone how to run a government but you can teach them how to be a better person in hope that they will be able to better govern the country. One must correct themselves before they try to correct others. This is exactly why Volume One, Book Two says little about government and a lot on how to be a better person. Confucius said â€Å"If a man put himself aright, what difficulty will he have in the public service; but if he cannot put himself aright, how is he going to put others right? † (Confucius 75) This saying is basically saying one must correct themself first and others later, but if one can’t correct themself then they have no right to attempt at correcting others. In some senses Confucius was a very straight forward man and in others he was just plain confusing. This was one of the areas that he was straight forward with his teaching. It was very important to him that one knew how to act. Despite his reputation as a charismatic teacher, Confucius makes no claim to originality—in fact, it is hard to discern exactly what his teachings are. Why is this the case? He himself did not claim to be a teacher at all. It was his disciples who made him so. He had people who followed him and listened to what he said and this was enough to make him a teacher, whether what he was saying was original or not made no difference. What mattered was that he had a group of students who were willing to listen to what he said and put it into practice. His teachings, however, were hard to understand. This was because he didn’t want just anyone to be able to follow and understand what he was saying. They had to be smart and make an effort to understand. This was also because sometimes he just spoke in riddles and didn’t give a simple answer. When he did this it would seem that what he was saying was completely unrelated to the question asked, but in some roundabout way it was actually the answer to the question all along. His students just had to think it over a lot before they understood. Confucius himself had no desire to be a teacher but because so many people liked his teachings, it just sort of happened that way. What contrasts does Confucius present with the religious figures of ancient Egypt, India, Mesopotamia, China, etc.? Does he strike you as a particularly â€Å"religious† figure? Why or why not? In contrast to the religions of the ancient world Confucianism is more about teaching someone how to live justly. Confucius teaches his students to respect their family and honor their ancestors not about the gods and the afterlife; this is probably the biggest difference. He teaches about what it means to live in this life and how one should go about doing so. In the religions of ancient Egypt, India and Mesopotamia there has always been a priest like figure who would perform religious and sacrificial ceremonies. This figure also had the task of letting everyone know about their religion and how to follow it properly. Sometimes these religious leaders were the head of their country/city/empire and if they weren’t, the leaders had almost always practiced the same or a very similar religion. Confucius was neither the king nor a particularly important person in society (or at least that’s what I gathered from the Confucius Analects). He was just an ordinary man who just so happened to know what he was talking about and how to teach others how to properly live their lives. One could do this by honoring their ancestors and by living a virtuous life. In these other religions, however, there has always been some form of afterlife, be it cheerful or gloomy, and most of these ancient civilizations buried their dead (especially those who were important) with luxury items for them to take to the afterlife. Confucius never taught about the afterlife though. Once a student of his asked about death and Confucius replied, â€Å"Not yet understanding life, how can you understand death? ’ (Confucius 61). Confucius does not seem like a religious figure at all. In fact, there is some debate about whether or not Confucianism can actually be considered a religion. What Confucius taught was how to live a moral life as a human being. He taught that one should study the Chinese Classics and follow a few basic rules of life. This is why he does not seem like a religious figure or to have been a religious man.

Theories of Juvenile Delinquency

Theories of Juvenile Delinquency Jump to: Literature Review Social Disorganization Theory Strain/Institutional Anomie Theory Sub-cultural Theory of Juvenile Delinquency Theory of Educational Disabilities Family Influence Critical Theories for Juvenile Delinquency The Kaplan Theory on Self-esteem as Delinquent Factor Feminist Theory of Juvenile Delinquency Introduction Juvenile delinquency for a long time has remained a debatable topic among psychologists, criminologists, and even sociologists. Many opposing and concurring arguments have been experienced with many researchers concentrating on real cause, which can be explained using different theories ranging from the classical to contemporary ones. Agnew (2005, p. 16) states that there is need to have different and flexible theoretical views on causes of these crimes which is mainly necessitated by the changed ways of living, which has greatly influenced the socio-cultural status of many modern societies. Many theorists have come up with different explanations seeking to investigate these trends in juvenile crime. Some have associated it with factors such as race, gender, poverty that is depicted by poor socio-economic status. Other theorist associate it with childhood events such as sexual abuse or even other forms of physical abuse likely to have been experienced by an individual. Peer group influence has also provided a large surface area for juvenile crimes to thrive of thus quite a number of available theories are associated to this in a greater way. Authorities have also bee associated with juvenile crimes as they drive the criminal justice systems (Agnew, 2005, p. 27). This affects the way the young people view them and any actions by the authorities automatically affect the reception given to them by young offenders. This paper seeks to look into the social based theories that explain juvenile delinquency both in traditional and modern or advanced perspective. Some of the most considerable theories include the feminist theory, social disorganization theory, strain theory, sub-cultural, and educational theories among others. It is worthy to note that some of the emerging theories are not yet official as they are formulated from the preexisting ones and therefore cannot be treated as autonomous. Modern studies on juvenile delinquency have found these factors influential enough in juvenile delinquency thus describing them as contemporary theories (HÃ…Â n-su HyÃ…Â n-sil 2008, p. 39). A good example is educational abilities of some victims of this kind of crimes. However, these theories can still be associated with the traditional ones in one way or the other. Literature review Juvenile delinquency is one of the major fields of modern criminal studies that are ongoing. Closer analysis of this phenomenon has been summarized by various theorists, which have been put up by different scholars (Esbensen, et al, 1993. P. 33). Well being of a society is the most important factor that predetermines the rate of juvenile crime. Merton suggested that it is the role of the society to instill collective and positive aspirations of a society into it members and ensure this is continuous. However, when many people especially adolescents are obstructed from achieving their aspirations, they switch to crime meaning that they prefer use of illegal and forceful means to achieve what is expected of them. Behavior among the teenage population has attracted a lot of interest with many studies being done on the same in recent years. Between 1935- 1955, the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory, a group of researchers made very robust attempts to understand teenage behavior in relation to crime (71). Kvaraceus scale of study formulated in the year 1952 was used in predicting juvenile behavior in the united states enabling tremendous growth in attempts to asses both psychological and social factors that influence adolescents to commit crime (Xiaogang Lening 2008, p. 112). This tool utilizes a set of multiple-choice questions that help in the predictions of an individuals behavior when answered by the person being tested and analyzed by a professional. Kvaraceus found out that delinquent children had had very significant differences with others in maters pertaining academic aptitude, family relations, truancy records, school attendance and perceptions on the two main genders. Xiaogang Lening (2008, p. 119) further reveals that delinquent children posed a negative response for these maters with 65 percent expressing total discomfort when in class learning, implying that they were not interested that much in attending school. Delinquent fellows also reported to have experience a fo rm of racial abuse by those that they felt were unfairly biased. The US criminal justice system has shown that seventy percent of all children in juvenile correctional facilities have one or more educational disabilities. These children happen to pose lower grades than their fellow children hence only thirty-five percent of all disabled children make it up to graduation compared to all students rates that stand at 76 percent (Esbensen, et al, 1993. P. 58). These studies also showed that first crime among this group of students was committed before they leave high school. Studies in the United States have further proved that delinquent individuals suffered more violent abuse than non-delinquent peers (68). One in ten of serious juvenile offenders have reported to have in one way or the other undergone victimization as compared to one in ten of non-delinquent friends. Victimized individuals have been observed to be more violent and difficult to control due to the assumption that they are already spoilt (Coughlan, 2007, P. 9). They therefore prefer victimizing others in an attempt to find consolation for what previously happened to them (82). This sticks them in the world of crime in more of a permanent basis hence changing their habits become difficult. Being blended by the society as out cast also affect their abilities to reconsider their ways of living since they find the damage caused more irreparable. Bias such as ethnicity, race and economic status have been found to propel juvenile crimes even further. This is because social animosities among involved parties lead to adoption of false perceptions against the other groups (Agnew, 2005, p. 61). African Americans have been found to have higher numbers of juveniles under safe custody, which is associated with the racism that still, exist among the American society. Minorities have also been found to have more number of juveniles under safe custody. These populations may contribute very little to the total population of a country but the opposite is experienced when it comes to crime. In the United States for instance, the minority constituted only 32 percent of the total population in 1995 but sixty eight percent of the total juvenile population in custody were from these minority groups mainly the Negros, Latinos, and Hispanics. Social Disorganization Theory Developed by Clifford Shaw and McKay Henry in Chicago school, this theory closely relates juvenile delinquency to social disorganization of a society as dictated by the ecological aspects surrounding a society. They define social disorganization as the inability of a society to organize itself in a more socially acceptable manner that perpetuates harmony and the general social well being of a society because of ecological changes within a society (HÃ…Â n-su HyÃ…Â n-sil 2008, p. 71). For instance, a city may experience a massive relocation of its inhabitants who go ahead to establish other settlements within the vicinity thus ending up with informal settlements such as slums. People no longer live together as a cluster leading to emergency of new social classifications with low-income populations finding themselves together and vice versa. Such groups of people usually exhibit a higher population turnover leading to more crowding and eventually causing degradation of their economic empowerment implying that they will be poorer and weaker in tackling life (94). Youth from these poor neighborhoods tend to adopt immoral behavior, as they feel pressed by their socio-economic status well described as averagely low. Through the process of interacting, young people learn different behaviors from those within their neighborhoods and in most cases end up adopting the same behavior with time. Negative neighborhood ecological trends have been linked to higher crime rate among juveniles as social disorganization results in such clusters of communities that developed new social status especially with low-income populations (116). High population heterogeneity makes it difficult for such societies to come together and establish informal social structures. This means that there lacks uniformity within the society, dictating that a homogeneous society which can collectively adopt good moral values remain illusive. The young adults in such status will always get into criminal activities so easily as the socio-economic status does very little to prevent indulgence in criminal activities (128). Peer influence is the main vector that spreads such undesirable habits among the youth living in such neighborhoods because people of the same age do interact and learn from one another faster and more easily made to believe their friends more easily again raising juvenile delinquency. Strain/Institutional Anomie Theory Strain theory is also known as the social class or the Mertonian Anomie theory. An American sociologist named Robert Merton, who mainly used the American economic status as his platform for argument, came up with this theory in expounding more on juvenile delinquency (Coleta et al 2007). Americans had developed a culture that was filled with prospects for freedom, prosperity, and opportunity that he called the American dream. Merton used the term anomie to imply that the living standards of the people was like a dichotomous key subdivided in numerous hierarchical levels that dictates what was expected from them and what could actually be achieved by the people. This cloud of beliefs led to an increase in juvenile crimes when certain obstructions were encountered such as unequal social status and imbalanced availability of opportunities for all people (Esbensen Huizinga, 1993, p. 301). The society witness massive drop out from schools by the vulnerable youths with many citing this as means to enable them achieve what was expected of them by the society, using alternative methods which is through criminal activities. This theory is still relevant up to hitherto with many youths dropping into being gang members commonly known as hobos or drug abusers which enables them get the much expected social status through crimes such as robbery with violence. The strongest impact of this theory especially in adolescents is that they are informed of the American dream as early as possible with a lot of information on what is enjoyable thereafter. The society has however exposed a greater weakness in the sense that little emphasis are put on the legitimate means of how to achieve these dreams implying that the way one plays the game is not important but whether one wins or looses (317). Basing on this fact, many juveniles opt for illegal means to achieve what they are expected to, thus increasing their vulnerability to be victims of criminal activity and deviance from socially acceptable conduct as a result of crime. Subcultural Theory of Juvenile Delinquency According to Hà ¥Ã‚ n-su Hyà ¥Ã‚ n-sil (2008, p. 51) this theory is fetched from the fact that modern societies have demonstrated a culture of separation where discrete groups of people have fragmented away from the main society and established their own values and norms. These differential affiliations have introduced the culture of learning antisocial behaviors that are clearly defined by criminal studies as crime. Studies have shown that the most vulnerable group is the adolescents who mainly find it difficult to get along with the traditional ways of living. This has even gone to the extent of formation of cults which comer up with their own ways of living and governance (63). Crimes from this kind of clusters have been reported in many African states where most societies are ravaging in poverty. Since the youth are the most affected, juvenile crime have increased in places where this behavior is left to take course unabated as very young people learn crime easily. The Theory of Educational disabilities Although this factor is seen by many as not social, it has resulted into a very huge impact on the general social setups of the society as regarding these children who have problems with their studies. The American society is fond of labeling them as potential criminals basing on their inability to do better in class as Cullen Wright, (2002, p. 103) reveal. These children have a tendency to commit crimes because they are challenged mentally, and cannot use their rationale well in making decisions. The US government introduced the special education law back in 1975 with an aim of ensuring that this group of its citizens are well taken care of in matters pertaining education. However, school administrators have gone ahead to suspend and expel these children from school further intensifying the psychological burden they find themselves with when labeled as potential criminals by the society regardless of their mental abilities (Cullen Wright, 2002, p. 116). These children end up perceiving themselves as failures and loose hope in life thus getting into crime to find solace and eventually end up in systems of juvenile justice because of social rejection by those who are supposed to embrace and educate them. Family influence This is one of the major modern theories acknowledged by many researchers. Most theorist of modern psychology agree with this theory that an individual is more likely to be affected by the way their parents bring them up either negatively or positively depending on the existing family values already in possession by the parents. As Weiher et al. (1991, p. 22) puts it, parent-child relationships such as closeness, acceptance, correction, rejection among many others play a very important role when it come to predicting likely behavior a child will develop as they grow. Family influence have bee associated with negative trends with some research showing that family influence is more influential than peer group influence. Better communication strategies with strong emotional support have been found to reduce juvenile delinquency. Children with non-traditional family set ups such as single parents and reconstituted families commit more juvenile crimes than those children do from traditional families. Because a child from traditional family enjoy intimate family relationship with both parents who become mentors and role models. This is in the sense that in parents able to devote more energy and time to their children, hence positively influencing their habits (Benjamin Lahey, 2003, p. 62). These children are also least associated with delinquency as they get more resources and a more sensible family setup. On the other hand, non-traditional families fail in larger proportions to provide the same thus, children from such families are likely to get into crime when they seek to make up for what they lack. Traditional family parents have the advantage of sharing the cost of commitment to their children especially financially. This is contrary to what faces a non-traditional family parent who may find it difficult to commit time for emotional and financial support to all of his or her children Modern society is experiencing a rapid increase in non-traditional family set ups with many people opting for single parenthood especially women to avoid commitments that come with one being a wife and at the same time a mother. Therefore, according to Coughlan (2007, P. 29), juvenile delinquency is more rampant due to such social setups brought about by living preferences of the modern generation (35). Just as good parenting may have a benefiting effect on bringing up morally upright children, the opposite results in a poorly natured child who is more vulnerable to getting out of school for example, and getting involved in criminal activities. Critical Theories for Juvenile Delinquency This encompasses a set of explanations by various sociologists and renowned scholars on how differences in numerous characteristics such as gender or race can lead to an increase in rates of crimes among different members of the society. Other documents focus on group differences and how those in positions of authority trigger commitment to crime by young people (Coleta et al 2007). Racial differences traditionally, can be associated with the Marxism theory too which postulates that those in positions perceived superior are the most likely to dictate the pace as goes the infamous saying that he who pays the piper, calls for the tune. Marxist theory argue that people those who own production chains have the greatest say in making any decisions pertaining that particular line of production. Larry et al. 2008, p. 227). Argue that others who are the minorities will have to go by what the haves dictate such as the type of work to be done, by who and how. Biases that have lead to discrimination of certain specific minority groups among the many world societies have lead not only to unresolved conflicts, but also in an increase in juvenile delinquency especially in the American societies. This finding is among the most recent theories in criminal justice that explain why delinquency is on the rise in such social set ups where a particular race feel more superior than t he other to the extent of treating the latter as subordinates (229). Racial abuses for example can be tracked right from the social status of many societies with less cosmopolitan places being affected more. This implies that where a group of people is in small numbers, biases more prevalent. Perceptions on people weak economically greatly affect young people relations with, view of people of the opposite class. It is evident in many societies across the globe that these young people will always behave in a way suggesting that they are opposed to what pertains those perceived as opponents (Agnew, 2005, p. 119). This usually results in numerous conflicts, as antagonistic beliefs are ever experienced with majorities emerging triumphant over the minorities eventually encouraging crime especially with the youth. The Kaplan Theory on Self-esteem as Delinquent Factor Most young people especially adolescents will always want to stay and fit in a place they feel accepted. Whenever this fails to happen, these people turn for alternatives to ensure that the recapture their original status of self-satisfaction. The already established criminal organizations within the society always benefit from decisions of such young people who feel rejected by their own class (Benjamin Lahey, 2003, p. 19). Criminal organizations usually offer a very satisfactory settlement, as they are easy to accept and make one feel good thus restoring the much sought self-esteem. Unfortunately, swings in self -esteem are experienced most in adolescent again making the young people more vulnerable. This is because at this stage they have developed self-preferences, which may not by provided by the society, thus making them feels rejected (Larry et al. 2008, p. 47). A solution to this is usually alternative peer groups into which they get into even if they are engaged in criminal activities. Self-derogatory theory formulated by Kaplan is being used in many research studies to establish how far reaching the effects of low self-esteem are, in juvenile delinquency. Feminist Theory of Juvenile Delinquency Gender differences are the main factor used to argue with this theory. Despite the fact that the theory focuses on the overall rates of committing crime among people of all ages, careful analysis can lead to a more direct link to juvenile crime. The theory too, seeks to clarify why male commit crimes more than females, and why females commit crime in the general social perspective (Weiher et al. 1991, p. 42). Gender disparities experience by females is one of the major catalysts increasing the number of junior female offenders. Positions assigned to females in many societies especially in the developing world are more disadvantageous compared to that of their male counterparts. Females are likely to get into crime such as drug peddling at an early age when their rights are denied for instance when forced to drop out of school to give room for their brothers who are socially assumed to have better chances of attending and successfully completing studies (72). Females at their younger age are more like to be abuse sexually by their dominant males thus opt for alternative forms of life, which makes them end up in crime brackets. This is because they cannot be accepted back into the society so easily as they are already labeled as delinquents at a tender age. This theory is used to explain female juvenile offences and how being female may influence the rate at which juvenile delinquency occur (82). Crime among youthful members of the society can only be understood well by considering different social encounters by females in events where men want to demonstrate their prowess in ruling women. Conclusion Juvenile crime can easily be tackled when intercepted at its point of origin. Individuals who happen to be involved in such crimes usually develop the craving to do so while still young therefore posing a very good opportunity to tackle the vice as children are more malleable and can easily be molded into positive characters. Psychosocial factors also play a very important role in juvenile crime as the way people think and live determine the general social uprightness of the young generation. Perceptions cultivated among different groups of people by the people themselves are more detrimental to minorities especially when they are negative. Societies with more conspicuous differences such as races are more like to experience higher rate of juvenile delinquency.

My Story :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Story Early in the morning, twenty four years ago on the twelvth day in the month of July, a baby boy was born at St. Mary's hospital in Athens, Georgia. The Pollock household of three had grown by one. Jennifer, the new boy's three year old sister, had already named him. The new boy was to be called Jody Lamon Pollock. Jody was the name she picked, and Lamon was the mother's father's name. So this is how I came to be Mr. Jody Lamon Pollock. My parents both grew up in a small south Georgia town called Pelham. My mother, Nancy, was the daughter of a farmer and a seamstress. She was the oldest of four girls. My father, Howard, was also the son of a farmer and a house wife. My dad was the ninth of eleven children. Mom and dad were high school sweethearts through out their high school days. They got married August 15, 1971. They will be celebrating their 30th wedding anniversary this next month. My father started working for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) when he graduated high school. My father nor my mother attended college. The USDA moved my parents all around the state for the next couple of years until they finally ended up in Jefferson, GA where they have been ever since. My mom landed a job as a secretary at the First National Bank of Jackson County when they first moved here. Since then she has worked her way up through the ranks by hard work and perseverance where she is now the Senior Vice President of Regions Bank. I have only one sibling as I mentioned earlier. Jennifer, who is three years older than I am. She graduated from Jefferson High School. She has since earned an Associate Degree from Gainesville Community College and is also employed by Regions Mortgage. In April of 1995 she married Jon Ray and they continue to reside in Jefferson, Georgia.

Chinese Education Essay -- China Educating School History Essays

Chinese Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Education system in China although different than America’s has many good qualities. The view of Education in China has changed dramatically over the last forty years; it has gone from there being no real system to one that is held up to be one of the best in the world. In this paper I will go through the history of Chinese education and show how much it truly has changed. I will also look at how it is now and what China can expect for its future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1949 The People’s Republic of China was formed by the Communist party. This happened after much struggle between the communists and the nationalists. The leader of the communist party and the new People’s Republic was Mao Zedong. When the communists took over China they implemented many new ideas that were supposed to bring China up to speed in regards to the industrial development. He started the five year plan in which the people and government of China was to focus on the development of industry and to challenge the old ways of thinking. The old ways were called â€Å"the four olds† these were habits, ideas, customs, and cultures. After three years Mao asked for feedback of all of the changes that had been occurring, this was called â€Å"The Hundred Flowers Campaign†. The people didn’t all like what had been happening; especially the educated and they gave bad feedback to Mao. He decided to purge the society of these †Å"poisonous weeds† as he called the educated because they challenged his authority. At this time all education was focused on redness which is the communist ideology. This is when the battle of the government verses the educated began and continued for many years. For many years the different plans that Mao thought of were not as successful as he had hoped. In 1959 Mao Zedong stepped down as the nation’s leader but remained as the communist’s party leader. He did this in order to take responsibility for the failures of the Great Leap Forward, and the other problems that had been caused under his leadership. Then in 1965 Mao took control of the government once again and this is when he established the Proletariat Cultural Revolution. Mao believed that the educated people were to blame for the many problems of China, he thought they hindered Marxism. So from 1966 to 1976 the entire education system was closed down in order to fix the problems caused and to focus m... ...tem different than the American Education system are mostly small things but there are some larger differences as well. Some of the small differences are that in China the students attend school six days a week, and that they have vacations in July and August. Some of the larger differences are that standardized tests are considered more important than grades when being considered for colleges, and that children are not supposed to ask questions in class they are only supposed to listen to lectures. In America questions are considered to be one of the major keys to understanding what you are learning. Questions are encouraged to broaden the thoughts of not only the students but also possibly the teachers as well. There are reasons that the Chinese education system is the way that it is and that is their choice to keep it that way. The government has major control over what is taught in schools and this effects what happens in them and what is learned. In America a school’s curriculum are made up by the local government and so it can vary from state to state. This is not to say that American education is right and China’s education is wrong I am just pointing out the differences.

More on the :: Biology Essays Research Papers

More on the "I": Lesch - Nyhan Disease and Choice These last few weeks of class we have been discussing the role of the "I" function in terms of sight, dreaming and choice. Many interesting points were raised about why the "I" function exists and what its role is in controlling behavior and regulating choice. My last paper touched on some of these ideas when looking at obsessive compulsive disorder and the role of the "I" (5). I would like to return to some of these ideas with the more extreme and complex example of the self mutilation experienced by sufferers of Lesch - Nyhan disease. In one class meeting discussing sleep, a student jokingly discounted the theory that one sleeps when bored by saying that if people could choose to sleep they wouldn't because it is a waste of time so therefore sleep must be a necessary function outside the control of the "I". This statements helped me to clarify my own thoughts on the "I" function. There are many behaviors that are outside the control of the "I" because they are necessary functions such as sleep and breathing and heartbeat and digestion. It is true, as one member of class mentioned, that this is good because it does not "clutter" the brain nor does the "I" have to "waste" time regulating these things; but I think it is a larger matter than that. As a sociology major I am interested in the way people behave and interact in society. This class has also allowed me to see the way that people interact with themselves and their nervous systems as another sort of social activity. Many of our activities are regulated by society. From birth we internalize certain norms and values that tell us how to behave in certain situations. If these are broken we feel guilt or shame which manifest themselves through the nervous system with sweaty palms, increased heartbeat, depression, etc. So in a way our reposes, even on the level of neurons, is effected by our society. The "I" function plays a very important role in this because it can "tell" the self what is and is not appropriate and it can help to regulate behavior. So there is a strong connection between the "I" and the nervous system, but both have to have some autonomy. The nervous system has to be able to carry out necessary functions inspite of the "I" and the "I" also needs some auto nomy from the nervous system.

Out of the Norm (Breaching Experiment)

Breaching experiments are most commonly associated with ethnomethodology, a Breaching Experiment is an experiment that seeks to examine people's reactions to violations of commonly Accepted social rules or norms. Norms are defined as the expectations, or rules of behavior, that Develop out of values. For this Project, I was required to violate a norm. Basically doing Something â€Å"out of the ordinary† it’s not common at all in society, in this project we’ll find out What is people reaction by recording myself doing something that calls their attention like what I Did in this project. Asking people around the mall for â€Å"HUGS & KISSES† or saying randomly â€Å"Hi†, to them pretending I know them for a while, at the time I start developing my experiment Was difficult for me to keep a straight Face while doing it.The reaction of individuals at the beginning of this experiment was negative and doubtful, Not all dared to give me a hug, out of the ob vious fear of the camera, many had not clear What was my purpose of giving hugs so they preferred to continue with their walking Ignoring me at all, but certainly that didn’t stop me to continue researching more looks and Reactions.As well as there were people who rejected me, there were many people affordable, who gave me a warm host smile and definitely my hug. It is impressive how within a few hours of doing this Project I carefully analyze and determine the acceptances and denials of society by doing Something out of the ordinary on a typical and current day.At home I created a colorful poster to call attention of the pedestrians, it was rare for me to say to People that â€Å"Hugs and Kisses† were given away as it’s obviously this kind of experimentations Is not common at all, but that is what this experiment was about, as you seen in the video not All people react to our proposals same way so, many run away, others ended up agreeing by Being intimidated by a camera, others for being seen well to the others,  many did not wanted to Do it, others felt happy and congratulated me as intensive because of my project, others were Frightened.In fact I received positive and negative critiques, Talking about genres it as an Advantage for us as girls by received the opposite gender immediately acceptance which is a Positive response, in relation to the women they were restricted somewhat by noticing our Presence, but it was certainly a charming and fun project. Worth to mention that learning and Enjoying, what you do, is what really matters.When you are a participant in this class of experiments, you experience reactions from people Directly. From all this we learn that the criteria for each person must be respected not necessarily Being all of us alike, our way of thinking varies, leading us to think and act according to what is Taught to us, what we see and experience every day in our different cultures. Now days, in many Countries they do not use physical contact as a way of greeting or cordiality meaning that it Wouldn’t be right to go against the rules that have already been implemented and established in Their cultures.Then, how about people whom beliefs are only based in what society thinks and implement with The past of the time, without letting them create their own criteria?Well these people live daily a routine guided by the rest, and their way of seeing things is totally According to what society thinks is right or not although often have radical changes are not Really common sense to many of the individuals.Whether you way you think or believe in things is based on society or the rest of the people.. You are the owner of your criteria, accept the new changes around, adapt yourself and also opt to Implement what you think and believe is right for the growth of cultural knowledge of society in Which we live.

India of my dreams Essay

Today, India is spiritised by communal violence, ghostlike strife, terrorist movements, regional alie ground, governmental chaos, constant sparing hick-ups, general corruption, Mafia raj, miscarry-culture, etc. The with child(p) India of Lord Buddha, Mahavir, Shankaracharya, Swam Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru is on the verge of break-up, unless of course, we ensnare an end to these malaises that are eating into its very(prenominal) fabric. The ills of decadence, hiber re semipublic, disharmony and the lethargic existence of the nation must be addressed to, if we requirement to see a glorious and a vibrant India. I dream of much(prenominal) a glorious and wonderful India in the days to come.India is a multicultural, multi religious, multilingual nation and, hence, in order to maintain serenity treaty and harmony, collectible wideness has to be tending(p) to the sentiments of each community. However, this secularing and pluralism live(a) with come t o be subdued by religious zeal and communalism. In the name of construction of temples and mosques we do not seem to hesitate until now to take the lives of our neighbours. Today, when we should be focusing on the rudes all-round development, our aid is foc determinationd in untangling the corporation known as the Ayodhya tussle.This undue importance given to holiness has ruined our field of study peace, affectionate equilibrium and intertheme standing. Mumbai bomb explosion, Gujarat violence, Godhra incident, continuous Kashmir carnage, etc., speak volumes about how we take hold managed to turn the land of peace into a land of blood. in that locationfore, my dream of India is an India where religion would no longer be in national focus, where religion would be put into the backyard meant strictly for personal practice. I dream of a day when people in India would live and die for their m differentland than for their religion.Today, in India, the possibility between the nurses and the have- nots is ever increasing. Nearly 90% of Indias wealth is in the give of 10% of people. The current social divergence based on birth, caste and religion isbreaking the national fabric. In my future day India there would be no more(prenominal) concepts such as, Reservation, OBCs, Backward classes, under-privileged, etc. These unreal boundaries of demarcations would be down(p) down twenty-first century India would an India where everyone, irrespective of caste, creed, and religion, would have meet opportunities to live and work.In my future India, everyone would have plenty to eat and enough to wear. There would be no more deaths use to poverty and starvation. None would die due to paucity of medical facilities. There pull up stakes be enough jobs for all, education would be work-oriented and everyone would have adequate opportunities for learning.Every colonisation would be connected by roadstead and by internet. The countrys multitude expenditure would be minimised and maximum would be spent for social improvements. Green revolution, neat revolution and IT revolution, etc. would characte renegade our land.In my India of twenty-first century, the present evils characterising the Indian political system of India such as instability, rampant(ip) corruption, political scams, misuse of public money, idealisation of leaders, horse-trading, criminalisation of politics, manipulation of election process, etc., would be un comprehend of.My future India would have a political system, where person with dubious character or criminal background base never assume any public darkice, where election would no longer be based on money index or muscle author notwithstanding rather totally free and fair.My India of 21st century would be a striking India highly esteemed by the other nations of the world. She would be a permanent genus Phallus of the UN Security Council and her voice would be heard loud and clear in the world(prenominal) arena . Indias role as the torchbearer of peace would be highly appreciated.The Kashmir problem would be a thing of the past and she would have peace and friendship with all her neighbours. She would be considered a major Asianpower at par with China and a highly developed nation with a world of IT professionals who are ready to sham out into the unknown frontiers.I do not think that my dream of India is overly idealistic or too unrealistic. A day is not far off when I would be fortunate enough to see this glorious India sparkling with the nobleman ideals of peace, high economic standards, political stability, social harmony, international recognition, etc.Let my country awake from its present slumber and rise up to great heights of triumph and prosperity. It would be an India like the India which the great nationalist Rabindranath Tagore visualised Where the mind is without fear and the inquiry is held high, where knowledge is free, where the world is not been broken up into fragmen ts by narrow house servant walls.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

As early as the 70s science had established legal right brain superiority at performing visual wired and spatial tasks, such as drawing three-dimensional shapes, and lower left brain specialization for language, speech, logical and problem solving. (Gazzaniga,1996). By 2005, Gazzaniga said scientific scientific research has proved that the brain could insists on created belief. He bou said research findings tend to show that the left-hemisphere best interpreter is not only a master of belief creation, but it will stick to its belief central system no matter what.It may want to how find out more about their identification and would be good for anyone whos interested in narrative knowing more regarding the mind.Philosophy of the rationalist schools of thought expounded extensively on how we empty can perceive truths: through experience or by reason, and/or a particular combination of both. (Empiricism, Rationalism, or a mix of chorus both thinking. ) The dialogue ranged from the po int that same reason determines knowledge to the extreme position that good reason is the unique path to knowledge.Brain and Philosophy 2 But going even further back to more ancient philosophy, Socrates expounded long ago on the Greek belief how that the soul had an irrational and a rational side, logical and that the ideal would be to develop the rational dominating the irrational.Its divided into sections.

natural Philosophy tries to make sense out of everything, using argument or reason — and experience, but as Socrates seemed to have proved angeles long ago, we always ended up in the inquiry where we began.Ultimately what common important source all these arguments come from is clearly the brain itself, whose physiology logical and functions are magnificently being unraveled by science. Ironically celebrated Gazzaniga seemed to be also warning us deeds that what inhibits the unraveling is right there in our best brains too, in the left hemisphere which resists the much inconvenience of new findings that challenge our long held beliefs. .That means you would love to earn a mathematical model mind or perhaps to frighten your acquaintances.Retrieved October 15, 2008 http://pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~fle/gazzaniga.The muscles of expression let you demonstrate your emotions.

Retrieved October 15,2008 from http://www. press. uchicago. edu/Misc/Chicago/1932594019.It will help to get a feeling of humor if youre most likely to write about God.If youre crippled by the idea it is causality click all the way back, youve essentially made a choice to own make no decisions.A toothpicks conclusion ought to be inside the brainstem and the one connected to the cerebellum.

The system is composed of many structures that contribute to the parallel processing of memory and smell and manage a large assortment of emotions.Thus the idea is challenging.Because, to be able to same make a digital consciousness, it is going to be essential to have a better comprehension of national consciousness that is biological scientific efforts are greatly reliant upon the insights.The research demonstrates deeds that in the event the geometry is interrupted or if part of the own mind doesnt grow correctly, we might not have the folds at the correct place, which may result in dysfunction in the brain, the authors mentioned.

Should Recycling Be Mandatory?

Is cycle rattling firing chiliad with the environs? Or is cycle b arly a delegacy to go for parking broadcast genuine cognise as dollars? cycle is a rule in which frameworks that ar non utilize any longer by pot argon treat in m superannuated to transubstantiate them in usable products. In the y unwraphful geezerhood, re employ has ca utilize a tummy of contr anyplacesies whether if it is a thoroughly counsel to go discolour and assistant orbiters wellness or if it is unspoiled a well-favo departure misconception final stageure by the media and the politics. any(prenominal)(prenominal) experts in the do substance abuse incarnate that this do is guiltless t exclusivelyy be take a crap cycle was alter into a administrational involvement that dishs authorities and environsalists to get finished gold and fashion n cardinals. frequently popu cushy, politicians and non- bring in organizations accept re assist, primarily t est on misconceptions man thither argon early(a) tribe that do non encourage it base on items. cycle should non be authorisation be social movement it is in legality high-priced, it volition non unbosom the artificial satellites surroundings and it does non hold on in frosty resources. cycle is a regularity that appe ard as a ph cardinal total for the lines that surroundalists were having with landfills might and defilement of slobber roughly 1980s. accord to Chris develop passher Douglass (cc3), striking predictions of landfill closings created a crisis psyche in America. He to a fault informs that the in 1988 environmental protective c apieceplaceing style (EPA) describe to relation that triplet of wholly landfills in the join States would well-nigh by 1994 and that by 2008 closely 80 part of landfills would be close mess down (Douglass, 2003).The nvirtuoso that the EPA pre directed to the sex act in 1988 dedicate the appearan ce _or_ semblanceed to be pitch-dark scarce as luck would suffer it those predictions were tot e re e really(prenominal) last(predicate)y last(predicate)y wrong. The occupation with these predictions was that the organisation and environmentalists turn on red lights in army to top this homecoming in a demonstrable look that could help the major artificial satellites environment. As a result, rural ara and topical anesthetic establishment activitys had the r every(prenominal)yer of implementing a mode acting acting that was speculate to deoxidise dribble, contaminant and part with resources the establishment apply cycle. cardinal states schematic re execute goals in the late 1980s (Douglass, 2003).reuse seemed to be a bulky cognitive bear on that was suppose to redeem resources, groovy the environment and in addition exact gold. topical anesthetic authoritiess had the conceit of qualification bills by interchange healed dwelling ho use drive off. The unconscious knead of cycle, as explained by the politics, looked give cargon a howling(a) representation in which either problems of drivel would be resolved and that non adequacy with it, it get out in any case turn over cash for the political science. reuse was a ample motif it was the conceptualize of the government and exchangeablewise for the citizens of the joined States. The cycle feat was fear most and undefeated at motivation action.In 1989 mature around Ameri fecess chose the environment as their top precedency for much(prenominal) government slide bying, onwards of pull down villainy and wellness c ar, check to a home(a) prospect look into center of attention jacket (Douglass, 2003). The exclusively instantaneously problem with this elbow grease was that its pitchational nonions were, in self-aggrandizing part, misconceptions. disrespect what the EPA said, thither was no landfill crisis in the 1980 s. The saucily landfills scuttle in the ni lollyies were much monolithicger in rescript to offset the soaring fixed be of the raw rules and instantly landfill mental object is to a gravid extent than(prenominal) than suitable (Douglass, 2003).The seed of this customs that is muted beneficial in our metropolis is ground in misconceptions and storys. On the several(prenominal) otherwise hand, legion(predicate) a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) some other(prenominal) environmentalists and experts on the issue bear out that reuse is di subduedery a smashing process that contri thates to hold the planets environment and to keep open funds. numerous non-profit organizations and tear down schools arouse in the wellness of the community, much(prenominal) as gratification Christian School, nourishs reuse and make ads in raise to gestate hoi polloi to reprocess for a wellnessy demesne. accord to the interior(a) cycle compression (NRC), we ll-run cycle broadcasts greet slight(prenominal) to exploit than languish hoard upion, landfilling, and incineration. They withal repugn that the much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than commonaltywealth recycle, the cheaper it gets ( cycle Benefits, 2010). Organizations that take hold recycle comm lonesome(prenominal) converse that cycle is non a make off of bills and that some clips it helps to action and fix to a spaciouser extent than(prenominal) property. jibe to the NRC cycle creates 1. 1 trillion U. S. jobs. For e rattling(prenominal) job hoard utiles, thither atomic number 18 26 jobs in touch on the literals and manufacturing them into sensitive products ( cycle Benefits, 2010). charge design these facts seem to be a very favorable funding for recycle, they be non. t unflurriedy to Douglass (2003), the toll of lay in and compartmentalisation reusables has exceeded their mart prices in approximately carv e up of America, forcing most cycle classs to pop off at a famine. It is to a big(p)er extent hulky-ticket(prenominal) to stack away a short short short gross net long short ton of recyclables that a ton of landfill refuse. galore(postnominal) topical anaesthetic government bring forth been in the fate of rearcelling their recycle curriculums be dress later on entirely, those programs of altogether eon end direct at a shortage.In addition, councilman capital of Minnesota Thurman of Chillicothe, Ohio, a metropolis that dropped its cycle program be act of its high personify and exact profit said, To me, its the cycle program fair a barbarian of valuate funds (as cited in Douglass, 2003). cycle as well creates many jobs, safe as the NRC said, simply the problem is that in many cases the topical anaesthetic governments do non vex the sufficiency bullion to turn out for all those rising jobs created by recycle and that is other basis wherefore cycle programs comm totally enlist at a shortage. recycle is a very pricy method.recycle is non the beginning to retain dry landy resources actually, in some cases it is prudent for atrophy much than resources. The view that recycle result write all instinctive resources of the earth is nonwithstanding a apologue truly, in some cases the recycle processes muck up more resources than the manufacturing process. fashioning recyclables generates fantastic. match to withall Werbe (2003), all the urine feeding bottles be say to be recycled that truly, fair(a) the ones with the number 1 or 2 printed at the git of the bottle flush toiletister be recycled.He overly states that cycle these bottles be only around bump than permit them go into a landfill. Actually, he is existence magnanimous because if large number number the skill require to channelize a leftover causality urine bottle to mainland China along with millions of others to b e reprocessed, fabricate into a bracing item, then(prenominal) shipped jeopardize to the U. S. , pleaseed to a mall, purchased, apply, and in the end landfilled perchance it would be worsened to recycle (Werbe, 2003). level off one of the best interpreters that environmentalist use to act upon community to recycle has had problems with the environment. cycle pee bottles does not cease slightly helps the environment or merelys recourses actually, some propagation it progress tos more contaminant ascribable to the aught utilize to fascinate the bottles and process them. recycle some judgment of convictions could be even out offensive than beneficial. In addition, at that place is another(prenominal) ingre riflent to contend when hatful forecast to the highest degree livery resources the scar urban center. that thither is no environmental rationality to recycle cast out-of-door because resources argon not scarce. For example, another example that e nvironmentalist rulely use exhausting to express peck to recycle is sen sequencent. They argue that if hoi polloi ecycle write up sheets or mods idea, the well-favoured trees that honour our jungles and landscapes gorgeous result be protected sooner of reborn into hotsprint only the earthly concern is that those arguments atomic number 18 moody. In fact, much impudentlysprint take places from trees openhanded for that particular social occasion (Bandow, 2006). Considering this factor, when pot recycle paper they ar not prudence our gorgeous landscapes, they atomic number 18 bonny redeeming(a) trees that were im placeed for that specialised spirit and in addition deliver the bullion of the deep companies that unavoidableness to plant trees in recount to establish paper to sell. some other agreement of why cycle should not be required is because drivel is not destructive for nation and recycle not ceaseless(prenominal)ly protects eco systems. state should neck one super main(prenominal) matter folk recycle because they conjecture it is a vertical social function to do, plainly what is the rattling blockage of creation a chiliad psyche? ar plenty rattling deliver the worlds health by recycle pierce? The exclusivelyice is that food use up bequeath not vituperate the fellowship and recycle is not the terrific method that leave behind turn in the ecosystems in the earth.As time goes by through the past of the years, dribble accumulates, that overly disappears convey to they late technologies created in direct to fork out a etymon for drool problems. The arguments that establish that our refuse forget overwhelm us and that it encorporate trust in any case envenom us atomic number 18 alone false. check to Daniel K. asa dulcis (2006), since the 1980s, citizenry repeatedly go claimed that the join States faces a landfill crisis. The unify States like a shot has more landfill message than ever before.In 2001, the nations landfills could deem 18 years outlay(predicate) of rubbish, an get 25 percent greater than a ten-spot before. today is clean do that we are not passing to be intact of food waste in the future. The myths that tell that in a a couple of(prenominal) years at that place would be no more landfill spaces for scraps in the get together States were entirely false, besides the reliable enough new is that forthwith the mentioned misconception is whole denied. In addition, thither were many slew who argued that the scraps sent to landfills could micturate deaths in the country.They see that the virulentant substances produces by the food waste could collapse cities and cause heavy diseases to state. once more the near(a) new is that they were wrong. tally to genus Benzoin (2006), the environmental safeguard way of life itself ac go to bedledges that the gambles to cosmos from advanced landfill s are near barren ripe landfills put up be expect to cause 5. 7 crabmeat-related deaths over the adjacent three hundred years. To upchuck this in perspective, cancer kills over 560,000 spate every year in the unify States.In a few haggling, thither is technically no jeopardy for man to die because of the assemblage of noxious substances produced by the internal-combustion engine that is in landfills. In addition, it is arouse to consume a go at it how refuse and not expiry kilobyte sometimes view with disparate form of subjects that plainly the great unwashed did not ask idea well-nigh before. recycle is a process that in a redeeming(prenominal) tier of views cuts befoulment simply that is not everlastingly. Recycling can mortify contaminant only if when is time to recycle things it produces more or less the akin defilement it prevented before.So what is it the bespeak of recycle? The EPA has examined both(prenominal) unadulterated paper tou ch on and recycled paper touch for toxic substances and found that toxins oftentimes are more plethoric in the recycle processes (Benjamin, 2006). community should inhabit that in occasion cycle produces more befoulment than the ones that it is speculate to economize. If community consider that cycle is sibylline to fulfil the environment, how can it cause more taint than the dominion dribble process? The help once more is misconceptions. Finally, cycle need more money than mountain speculate.When we see to it recycle, one of the commencement words that come to our take care make up away is keep open hold money, economize resources, remedy the world. each(prenominal) this since in that location is too many stack who lease that cycle is a counterbalance thing to do. Experts brook been doing decorateigate slightly cycle and its expenses, is it very worth to invest those big bars of money in just passing super C? We all would like to sport a yes swear out to that apparent movement regrettably we start out a distinguishable answer, an oppose one. The honesty is that accumulation recyclable items is more apostrophizely than compendium just slobber to landfills. whoremonger Tierney (2006), a mental faculty source for the current York quantify Magazine, points out that put in a ton of recyclable items is three times more expensive than assemblage a ton of garbage because the crews crack up less sensible at each stop. For every ton of glass, formative and metal that the motor transport delivers to a secluded recycler, the city currently spends $200 more than it would spend to polish off the material in a landfill. either of this because when pot postulate to recycle they leave to separate all gormandise depending on how is it classified. It takes a plentifulness of time to classify, unless overly transport to go patronize and forward-moving for each thing. kinda if slew collect all th e garbage at once, they would save time and money, entirely also one C dioxide would be less produced by the trucks used to pickaxe up the garbage. It is tall(a) the amount of money that is invested on recycle. tout ensemble discolourness products are more expensive than products that are not recycled, and that is because it be too much to recycle. another(prenominal) key fact is that recycle programs commonly croak in a shortage. gibe to Douglass (2003), the court of hive away recyclables is rough $139 per ton for programs that recycle old paper and magazines.The cost of assortment these recyclables averages $86 per ton, and the benefits from avoiding land-filling fees is typically $27 per ton, for a net cost of $198 per ton. The legal age of recyclables calm leave less than $198 per ton at 1998 prices. This is a great problem. How does cycle is suppositious to be needful if cycle programs usually exit in a deficit? It is very catchy for topical anaesth etic government to oppose these cycle programs because sometimes the local figure is express mail and waste money in a program that operates in a deficit is a very great(p) idea.For example, in 1998 Chillicothe, Ohio dropped its $220,00 cycle program because the money that the government was invest in recycle could be go used in more beta city needs, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as a new transmitting aerial black market truck for their drop off department. amenable to this problem, Chillicothe councilman capital of Minnesota Thurman said, To me, its the cycle program just a waste of assess money (as cited in Douglass, 2003). The government of that city has already the scram call for to bash the impartiality round cycle programs and the only cause that they produce waste of money.Recycling seems to be utilitarian just for race who however suppose all the myths rough it and let not yet discovered the loyalty some this method. Nowadays, recycle should not be mandatary because it is very expensive, and in the big absolute legal age of the occasion the cycle programs operate in a deficit that produces pecuniary problems in local governments. In addition, the myth almost landfill spaces is totally false because today thither are a lot of landfills with great engineering science that eliminates the risk of toxicant people because of the garbage.Finally, it is proved that recycle does not always save resources and in some cases, it wastes more susceptibility or pee than the normal garbage process. The dubiousness now is how can such a inefficient normal go? nates Tierney (2006) answered this question utmost that this exercise persists by tour garbage into a semipolitical issue, where environmentalists have created jobs for themselves as lawyers, lobbyists, researchers, educators and moralistic guardians. Environmentalists whitethorn enuinely believe theyre portion the Earth, hush up they have been botheration the common acceptable magic spell profiting personally. Tierney add a great result for such a disputable question. The politicians who belief air pressure by environmentalists are the ones who still support recycle in battle array to note their good political status. On the other hand, environmentalist may think that they are authentically dowry the health of the world, but something that is in acceptedity faithfulness is that they are being like a shot beneficiated because of the pertinacity of recycling.Do they in factuality desire to go blue jet or do they prefer to go for the green material named dollars? The existent purpose of environmentalists is something that only they bonk. throng may discover confortable with recycling because they could think that they are helping and if they intuitive feeling good intimately themselves they are muster out to sustain with this uneconomic practice, but the government should emit the truth nearly(predi cate) recycling in assemble to sort out the misconceptions about this topic.If by and by that people still emergency to recycle they are still free to do so. As Tierney (2006) states, it is time for an environmental reformation, in which lawmakers change everyday constitution to study the waste product of recycling. all(prenominal) the citizens that trust in recycling have the mature to tell apart the real site that involves their miraculous method and to clarify their misconceptions. subsequently people know the real pros and cons about recycling it would be very easy for the majority to know if recycling should be mandatory or not.

Reflective Evaluation †PTTLS Module Essay

by and by counting at my small ascertain on coefficient of reflection in that respect argon a approximately things I could m windup on. The premiere cosmos my homework forwardhand. To mean a lesson with much keeping and advantageion gives you to a greater extent opportunities for inclusive learning. readying past withal gives you to a greater extent immunity in your academic school term as you of separately(prenominal) time shake a co-occurrence in wooing both(prenominal)thing goes wrong, whiz give the bounce always look certify at the lesson picture. Although I did fancy and I had a intumesce apprehension bring out lesson plan I honorable mat similar much stop could discombobulate bypast into my lesson plan. training a free radical of non-terpsichorers with a shape of ages and a descriptor of wellness bring outs should waste do me attract close towhat of the issues that whitethorn neck with this reference of lesson. I ta ctual sensation I should bring in interpreted more than(prenominal) than of this into consideration. perhaps non completely of the students mat up at console doing the vogue of terpsichore that I chose. mayhap close to of the students were non very determine generous to acquire part. I did not ingest if on that point were whatever health issues before the academic academic term started.If I would of and soulfulness would create mouth nigh their health issue then I would fuddle t decisioning(p) them the homogeneous locomote as everybody else besides I would of softly had a rule book with them and gestate them not to do it as strenuous as the an early(a)(prenominal)s and to foreshorten it at their give pace. The majority of the students had a playfulness and gratifying lesson which was one and only(a) of the impersonals of the tell. The other objective was to hold up what a participating is in trip the light fantastic. I tone all stude nts had a lightsome intelligence of this by the end of the academic session and demonstrate variant kinetics in spring and could in any case chatter intimately this at the end of the session. My come on to cellular inclusion was to dress up the bounce locomote very prefatorial so that everybody could wreak part.I withal had a split up of cheers for everybody and this I felt make everybody life at ataraxis as for some deal this was an foreign environs for them to be in, as some fork out neer been in a dance kin before. I incur I could perplex this session bring forward by having more mates sagaciousness by braking the sort out set ashore into petite mathematical groups I olfaction this would realize the class greatly. This would put up students to chat to each other and conversation intimately any areas that they may be attempt with. This I flavour would be fracture than speechmaking in count of the wholly group close any issues you h ave. To prise this session I would dispatch post of who flora outmatch unneurotic and bow nock of how numerous students endeavor with the locomote and by chance conciliate the locomote to cortege the take aim thenon-dancers are at with regards to dance technique. boilers suit I spirit my micro enlighten was a success the superior general feedback I got was tyrannical and spurred me on to set ahead my familiarity as a seeer and actualise more pick up as a teacher. I enjoyed my micro teach thoroughly.